Translations
As I watched the episode, I found myself able to piece together some approximate meanings of each Tamarian phrase, and I have sorted them here according to story, along with an overall interpretation of each story as a whole. Some phrases are defined within the episodes and are marked with a *, but all others are my interpretations only.
Rai and Jiri | Darmok and Jalad | Uzani | Zima | Other Snippets
Rai and Jiri
Rai and Jiri at Lungha
Opening greeting; image of friendly meeting of unfamiliar parties.
Rai of Lowani
One of the meeting parties.
Lowani under two moons
Given context, the "two moons" in this phrase indicate two equals coming together, like Rai and Jiri. Perhaps the Rai character, being from Lowani, sees this meeting as more friendly, whereas the Jiri character may not be as certain or on as stable a footing.
Jiri of Ubaya
the other meeting party; a stranger, likely foreign to Rai.
Ubaya of crossed roads at Lungha
the Jiri character may be fearful, distrustful, or confused (drawing from the image of crossed roads)
Lungha, her sky gray
An image of uncertainty but also cautious hope, since the sky is gray but not raining.
Overall Interpretation
Taking all these together with nonverbal communication and tone of voice, the Tamarian captain appears to be saying:
"We are the Children of Tama. We would like to officially join the Federation, but I understand that past efforts have not been successful due to our language barrier. We are a peaceful people and want to build relations with you. Would this be possible?"
Darmok and Jalad
Darmok/Darmok at Tanagra *
one person going to a strange new place
Darmok and Jalad on the ocean *
two people, once strangers or enemies, leaving together in one accord
Darmok and Jalad at Tanagra *
a friendship achieved through a common struggle.
Darmok of Kanza
more granular explanation of one character in the story, just to see if Picard recognizes ANYTHING about this story. We cannot guess much about Darmok from this line, but Kanza appears to be a place very different from Jalad's place of origin (see below).
Darmok on the ocean *
interpreted first as isolation; a closer meaning might be solitary.
Jalad at the Kiteo
further explanation of the other character in the story. Given that Kiteo is mentioned later as a person ("his eyes closed"), while this one indicates Kiteo is a place, it makes me think that "Kiteo" may be a religious site, perhaps with a personage similar to the Oracle of Delphi.
Kiteo, his eyes closed
image of lacking comprehension.
Overall Interpretation
This story is about two people from very different walks of life who forge a friendship through adversity. So when this is first suggested as a course of action at the beginning of the episode, the Tamarian might be saying:
"We could fight the creature on the planet! It worked for Darmok and Jalad, why not us? We've tried everything else, we've tried for so many years...why not put both of us down there and see if we can understand each other? We'll be no worse off if this fails."
Uzani
Uzani, his army at Lashmir *
strategizing
Uzani, his army with fists closed *
attacking the enemy
Uzani, his army with fist open *
luring the enemy
Overall Interpretation
This story is explained in the episode as a simple strategy for outwitting and conquering the enemy, which Picard can understand because it doesn't require as much knowledge of the characters.
Zima
Zima at Anzo
possibly a diplomat, given the context of the Tamarian first officer suggesting it as another course of action. The first officer is clearly concerned for the safety of the crew and appears to feel that his captain's actions are too reckless. Something about this makes me think Zima communicated more in writing than by direct contact.
Zima and Bakar
possibly a formal diplomatic communication; given the context of the earlier definition, it may be a letter sent from Zima to Bakar, or it could be a secured meeting.
Overall Interpretation
Based on nonverbal cues alone, I can gather that the Tamarian first officer might be saying:
"Sir! You shouldn't do this, you'll be in danger! Write them a letter, meet them in person with a security detail...honestly, we could just leave! Just don't go down to that planet!"
Other Snippets
Callimas at Bahar
image of calm: "don't worry about me."
Chenza at court, the court of silence
"I don't want to talk to you anymore," or "keep quiet till this is finished."
Kadir beneath Mo Moteh
a hopeless attempt.
Kailash, when it rises
"wait and see"
Kiazi's children, their faces wet
image of grief. Both the tone and nonverbal communication in the scene suggest it means something like "there's nothing you can do for me, don't bother."
Kira at Bashi
image of listening: "I've spoken enough for now--I want to listen"
Mirab, his sails unfurled
image of leaving, usually in haste.
Picard and Dathon at El-Adrel
great strides were made; we honor the effort.
The River Temarc, in winter
absolute quiet, following orders. (The Tamarian captain's tone indicates it means "Shut up or I'll have you thrown in the brig for insubordination.")
Shaka, when the walls fell
an effort that failed.
Sokath, his eyes uncovered
hardly needs any translation--"he finally gets it! YAY!"
Temba, at rest
"keep it."
Temba/Temba, his arms wide *
"here, take this"
Zinda, his face black, his eyes red
image of death (used for both mortal injury and fury)
Other Translations
It's interesting to compare my rough translations to the translations of others, to see where interpretations of language differ and connect--check out Memory Alpha's Tamarian language page to see another list!